We are thrilled to announce that Taiko’s multi-prover adopts SP1 as a ZK Prover to secure L2 execution. SP1 is a performant, open-source zero-knowledge virtual machine (zkVM) developed by Succinct Labs. By executing Taiko’s block builder based on Reth, an Ethereum client in Rust, we leverage SP1 to derive succinct proofs to validate the rollup state. Additionally, we are enthusiastic about our collaboration with Succinct and proud to contribute to SP1’s precompile ecosystem.

A Recap of Multi-Prover and Adoption of ZkVMs

Early this year, we outlined Taiko’s Approach to Multi-Proofs which multiplex the security of proof systems including TEEs and ZKP. As Taiko mainnet launched in May, we initially supported Intel’s SGX as the first instance of validity proofs, because it provides instant verifiability due to low computation overhead. Meanwhile, we are integrating SP1 and RiscZero ZkVM into Raiko, our multi-prover, and working on the performance of both proof systems. Our long-term goal has always been to evolve into a ZK-Rollup.

To best leverage ZKP in our tech stack, we compile Reth and Taiko-specific components to ZkVM targets, because it is very time-consuming to implement circuits for all operations involving execution, bridging, and state derivation. Onboarding SP1 facilitates direct compilation with a couple of hundreds lines of code.

Taiko x Succinct in Open Source Collaboration

For months, our engineers have worked closely with Succinct Labs to make SP1 production-ready. This involves the following aspects:

• Cross-compile Reth and revm dependencies for SP1 targets, addressing compatibility issues with unsupported components related to RISC-V;

• Simplify the compilation process with a custom pipeline;

• Introducing patched crates as drop-in replacements of some cryptographic libraries and hook some of the EVM precompiles with SP1’s optimized circuits;

• Facilitating remote proving with Succinct Network;

We tackled these challenges together with the SP1 developer community, especially in precompiles and patches including BN254, Secp256k1, keccak, BLS381, and KZG commitment. The community support has been a huge inspiration.

The RISC-V based pipeline and test harness in Raiko can be reused across all ZkVM platforms. To reduce prover cycles, Taiko engineers developed a new Proof of Equivalence that validates Rollup data commitment in the blob, eliminating the expensive computation of KZG commitment.

Lastly, we extend our gratitude to the Reth team for developing the Rust-based Ethereum client.

Summary

Taiko will soon onboard SP1 ZK Proof on the Hekla testnet. Following extensive testing and cost analysis, we will integrate ZK Proof on mainnet via the Based Contestable Rollup Protocol. Stay tuned for updates on our RiscZero, SP1, and TEE provers; the multi-proofs are within our reach!

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